DISCOVERING MATHEMATICS WITH MAPLEAn Interactive Exploration for Mathematicians, Engineers, and EconometriciansChapter 3. Matrices and VectorsWorksheet 3a. MatricesMain topics of this worksheet include the basics of matrix introduction and manipulation under the Maple system. Further, we shall meet many of Maple's standard matrix functions, we shall look at Gaussian elimination and backsubstitution, and some other elementary problems of Linear Algebra will be discussed as well. Introducing a MatrixAs you should know by now, the LinearAlgebra package will put at our immediate disposal all matrix functions Maple has to offer. We begin with a restart to clear Maple's internal memory.LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEocmVzdGFydEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIjpGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj0vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTC8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHRj1GOQ==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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=A matrix is not a number, but a collection of numbers or expressions grouped or structured in a special way. On the other hand, a set is a collection without any structure. Further, a list has the one-dimensional structure of a sequence, and a matrix consists of rows and columns (both lists), which give the matrix its two-dimensional structure. This explains why Maple uses the two-dimensional array data structure for the definition of a matrix. The elements of an array are arranged by a double index system.There are many different ways to introduce a matrix into a Maple session. One direct way is: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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=The 3 x 4 matrix LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= is explicitly given by its successive rows. Another way is to provide all its elements in a long list from top left to bottom right. But then the size of LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= should be given explicitly as well.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Each specific matrix element can be extracted by using a double index system, row number first. The instruction [bracket or subscript notation]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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=shows the matrix element on the intersection of the second row and the third column. An individual matrix element can be changed by assigning a new value to it.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Now verify that this change really has taken effect.LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2JS1GLDYlUSJBRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvRjhRJ25vcm1hbEYnRitGOkY9LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Note the effect of assignments likeLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2J0YrLUYjNictRiw2JVEiQkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIzo9RicvRjpRJ25vcm1hbEYnLyUmZmVuY2VHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUqc2VwYXJhdG9yR0ZELyUpc3RyZXRjaHlHRkQvJSpzeW1tZXRyaWNHRkQvJShsYXJnZW9wR0ZELyUubW92YWJsZWxpbWl0c0dGRC8lJ2FjY2VudEdGRC8lJ2xzcGFjZUdRLDAuMjc3Nzc3OGVtRicvJSdyc3BhY2VHRlMtRiw2JVEiQUYnRjZGOS8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHRkRGQEYrRllGQEYrRllGQA==LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Each element of LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= gets the same value as the corresponding element of LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=, which is to be expected really. What is more surprising is that new changes on the elements of LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= automatically effect LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= in the same way! 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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=To avoid this happening we have Maple's copy command.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIixGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRjEvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EmMC4wZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdRLDAuMzMzMzMzM2VtRictRiw2JVEiQ0YnRi9GMi8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHRj1GOQ==LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Observe that the change in LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= has no effect on the matrix LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQ0YnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=.The elements of a matrix often show a certain regularity. In many cases such a regular pattern can be considered the result of a function prescription applied to each pair of indices (LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiaUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=, LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiakYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=). Maple enables the user to insert a prescription as part of the matrix definition. For example: QyQ+SSJmRzYiZio2JEkiaUdGJUkiakdGJUYlNiRJKW9wZXJhdG9yR0YlSSZhcnJvd0dGJUYlKiQsKDkkIiIiOSVGMCEiIkYwRjJGJUYlRiVGMA==PkkiSEc2ImYqNiNJIm5HRiRGJDYkSSlvcGVyYXRvckdGJEkmYXJyb3dHRiRGJC1JJ01hdHJpeEdGJDYlOSRGLkkiZkdGJEYkRiRGJA==LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=This defines the so-called Hilbert matrices LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiSEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=(LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEibkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=).LUkiSEc2IjYjIiIlLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=It is not absolutely necessary to introduce a matrix in the completely explicit way of giving all its elements as we did before. A symbolic matrix is obtained when elements are not explicitly given. Of course, the size of the matrix must then be specified.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=It is also possible to instruct Maple to provide a symmetric (symbolic) matrix. After introducing a symmetric matrix LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= in this way, it is easy to check that LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= is indeed symmetric. LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYoLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RKiZjb2xvbmVxO0YnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGPS8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y9LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y9LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGPS8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRj0vJSdhY2NlbnRHRj0vJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZMLUYsNiVRJ01hdHJpeEYnRi9GMi1JKG1mZW5jZWRHRiQ2JC1GIzYzLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMUYnRjktRjY2LVEjLi5GJ0Y5RjtGPkZARkJGREZGRkgvRktRLDAuMjIyMjIyMmVtRicvRk5RJjAuMGVtRictRlg2JFEiM0YnRjktRjY2LVEiLEYnRjlGOy9GP0YxRkBGQkZERkZGSC9GS0Zbby9GTlEsMC4zMzMzMzMzZW1GJ0ZXRmVuRlxvRl9vLUYsNiVRJnNoYXBlRidGL0YyLUY2Ni1RIj1GJ0Y5RjtGPkZARkJGREZGRkhGSkZNLUYsNiVRKnN5bW1ldHJpY0YnRi9GMkZfby1GLDYlUSdzeW1ib2xGJ0YvRjJGaW8tRiw2JVEiYUYnRi9GMi8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHRj1GOUY5RmVwRjk=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYoLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RKCZtaW51cztGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj0vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yMjIyMjIyZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTC1GLDYlUSpUcmFuc3Bvc2VGJ0YvRjItSShtZmVuY2VkR0YkNiQtRiM2JUYrLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGPUY5RjlGV0Y5LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Other special matrices are zero matrices and identity matrices. A zero matrix is a matrix of only zero elements. It can be defined by inserting a single 0 at the position where we normally type the matrix elements, or where the element prescription goes. The LinearAlgebra package introduces ZeroMatrix for this matrix.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 matrices can be created by the user, or the LinearAlgebra package command IdentityMatrix can be used.
[Maple bug: the 2d math version of the second command does not work!]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This is a Maple arrow + if construction bug, use the long procedure 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Id2:=n->Matrix(n,n,(i,j) -> if i=j then 1 else 0 end if);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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2JS1GLDYlUS9JZGVudGl0eU1hdHJpeEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JKG1mZW5jZWRHRiQ2JC1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiM0YnL0Y4USdub3JtYWxGJ0ZDRkNGQ0YrLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRidGQw==LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=A disadvantage of both methods is that the size has to be specified. It would be nice to have a single symbol for all identity matrices. The symbol I (capital i) is generally reserved for this purpose. But Maple has another use for it, namely the complex number LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiaUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= = LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkmbXNxcnRHRiQ2Iy1GIzYlLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVEqJnVtaW51czA7RicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ25vcm1hbEYnLyUmZmVuY2VHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUqc2VwYXJhdG9yR0Y5LyUpc3RyZXRjaHlHRjkvJSpzeW1tZXRyaWNHRjkvJShsYXJnZW9wR0Y5LyUubW92YWJsZWxpbWl0c0dGOS8lJ2FjY2VudEdGOS8lJ2xzcGFjZUdRLDAuMjIyMjIyMmVtRicvJSdyc3BhY2VHRkgtSSNtbkdGJDYkUSIxRidGNEY0RjQ=. Fortunately, the designers of Maple invented another symbol, or rather procedure, that produces a universal identity matrix, namely &*(). Assisted by Maple's alias function, we can now create a more natural symbol, such as Id, which is short for identity.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(Id = &*());Recall that Maple uses the &* symbol for matrix multiplication, in contrast to the single * which stands for scalar multiplication. One reason for this difference is that the usual multiplication symbol * is only used for commutative operations, and, as you know, matrix multiplication is not commutative. The distinction between commutative and non-commutative is important in connection with the automatic simplification of complicated expressions.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Note that in the second expression above the symbol Id is used for two different identity matrices, one of size 5 x 5, the other of size 7 x 7.[Maple Update:
|This Id command is no longer very useful.]Computations with MatricesIn order to test hypotheses like: "matrix multiplication is non-commutative", it is often convenient to use random matrices. The Maple procedure RandomMatrix produces such matrices. A number of options, such as sparse, symmetric, and anti-symmetric are available. Recall that an anti-symmetric matrix LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= satisfies the condition LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1cEdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GLzYlUSJ0RidGMkY1LyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJy9GNlEnbm9ybWFsRic= = LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2JS1JI21vR0YkNi1RKiZ1bWludXMwO0YnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGOi8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y6LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y6LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGOi8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRjovJSdhY2NlbnRHRjovJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjIyMjIyMjJlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZJLUYsNiVRIkFGJy8lJ2l0YWxpY0dRJXRydWVGJy9GNlEnaXRhbGljRidGNUYrRjU=, and that most elements (let us say at least 80%) of a sparse matrix are zero.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnTWF0cml4RicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiktSSNtbkdGJDYkUSI1RicvRjNRJ25vcm1hbEYnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVEiLEYnRj4vJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRjEvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGRi8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGRi8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRkYvJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0ZGLyUnYWNjZW50R0ZGLyUnbHNwYWNlR1EmMC4wZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdRLDAuMzMzMzMzM2VtRidGOkZALUY7NiRRIjBGJ0Y+LyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGRkY+Rj5GZm5GPg==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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=We may conclude that, generally speaking, the matrix products AB and BA do not coincide.With Equal(A,B) Maple checks that both matrix argument LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= and LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= are equal.At this point you could put your knowledge to the test by completing assignment 1 and assignment 2 of worksheet MatrA3a.mw. In assignment 1 random matrices are used to test a certain hypothesis, and assignment 2 considers lower triangular matrices.You should now be familiar with the process of creating matrices. The definitions of matrix addition and matrix multiplication are known to you as well. Power matrices and a matrix's inverse follow suit. Type the following lines and take a look at the way the matrix LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQ0YnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= is composed.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On clicking the right mouse button on one of the matrices, a menu of common matrix functions pops up. Note that for the square matrix B there are more procedures available than for the other two matrices.
Solving a System of Linear EquationsNext we shall solve a system of linear equations by matrix computation. Let us choose a matrix of coefficients LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic= and a constant vector b.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=It can hardly be called a remarkable achievement to have Maple solve the system LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2Ji1GLDYlUSNBeEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIj1GJy9GOFEnbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRkIvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGQi8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGQi8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRkIvJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0ZCLyUnYWNjZW50R0ZCLyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGUS1GLDYlUSJiRidGNEY3Rj5GK0Y+. The command linsolve will do it.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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=As we wish to gain more insight into the reduction process Gaussian elimination is based on, we shall take another approach. Therefore we first create the augmented matrix: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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=[Maple Update:
For individual row operation commands one must now load the following package:]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Now apply row reduction to this augmented matrix. First exchange the first and third rows, then subtract the first row twice from the second row, and after that subtract the first row from the third row. This is put into effect by the three instructions: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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=The Maple commands SwapRow and AddRow speak for themselves.You see zeros appear in the first column. Next subtract LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkmbWZyYWNHRiQ2KC1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMkYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJ0Y0LUYjNiQtRjE2JFEiNUYnRjRGNC8lLmxpbmV0aGlja25lc3NHUSIxRicvJStkZW5vbWFsaWduR1EnY2VudGVyRicvJSludW1hbGlnbkdGQS8lKWJldmVsbGVkR1EmZmFsc2VGJ0Y0 times the second row from the third row, and after that multiply the last row by 5. Now we have obtained the row reduced form of the augmented matrix used in the Gaussian elimination process to extract a solution.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Applying BackwardSubstitute (back substitution) to the reduced form R immediately gives the solution.Verify this by typing:LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYqLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEzQmFja3dhcmRTdWJzdGl0dXRlRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiUtRiw2JVEiUkYnRi9GMi8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHUSZmYWxzZUYnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJ0ZALUkjbW9HRiQ2LVEiO0YnRkAvJSZmZW5jZUdGPy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGMS8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y/LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y/LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGPy8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRj8vJSdhY2NlbnRHRj8vJSdsc3BhY2VHUSYwLjBlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy1GQzYtUSJ+RidGQEZGL0ZJRj9GSkZMRk5GUEZSRlQvRlhGVi1GLDYlUSZFcXVhbEYnRi9GMi1GNjYkLUYjNihGK0Y1LUZDNi1RIixGJ0ZARkZGSEZKRkxGTkZQRlJGVC9GWFEsMC4zMzMzMzMzZW1GJy1GLDYlUSJ4RidGL0YyRj1GQEZARj1GQA==LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Finally, the reduced row-echelon form can be obtained directly from the augmented matrix by means of the Maple procedure rref, which is short for 'reduced row-echelon form'.LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVE2UmVkdWNlZFJvd0VjaGVsb25Gb3JtRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiUtRiw2JVEkQV9iRidGL0YyLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvRjNRJ25vcm1hbEYnRkAtRiw2I1EhRidGPUZALUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=[Maple Update:After typing "Back" or "Red", the key combination "Cntrl Space" will give a list of commands to choose from for autocomplete. Just move with the down arrow to the correct one for these two long commands and they are inserted.]In assignment 3 of worksheet MatrA3a.mw the reduced row-echelon form of a matrix is used to compute the inverse of a matrix.This concludes the worksheet MatrW3a.mw, the first worksheet of this chapter.